回答部門: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications , EU and International Cooperation Department, EU and International Cooperation Division
貴国政府は、企業活動が人権に悪影響を及ぼさないようにするために何らかの取り組みを行なってきましたか。そのうち、特に効果があったと考えられるるのはどのような取り組みですか。1つまたは複数の例を挙げてください。
Expansion of the space that values the principles of human rights, democracy, rule of law, and advancement of international law is one of Estonia’s five priorities in foreign policy. Estonia focuses especially on protecting the rights of women, children and indigenous people, because these groups are often more vulnerable than others and are more likely to fall victim to discrimination.
Respect of human rights, both within and outside the territory of Estonia is a constitutional obligation that extends to all Estonian nationals, residents and companies operating in Estonia. Estonia takes and has taken into account the principles of human rights in development and cooperation projects and in foreign trade and export policy. Estonia applies the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights through a variety of thematic development plans and strategies.
政府部内で、ビジネスと人権について重要な責任を有しているのはどの省庁ですか。
Estonia’s bilateral relations as well as membership in international organisations have created a wide array of possibilities for Estonia to develop and protect human rights and to address the violation of human rights. Estonia is actively involved in human rights through participation in the EU Common Foreign and Security Policy, the UN, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Council of Europe. We are traditionally active in several bodies dealing with human rights: Estonia is a member of the UN Human Rights Council (2013-15), a member of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (2011-15), a member of UN ECOSOC (2015-2017) and a board member of the United Nations Children's Fund (2011-13). The Estonian diplomat Tiina Intelmann is the President of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court. In addition, Estonian experts are members of various forums, committees and workgroups. Estonia enforces its human rights priorities in the world via bilateral relations and development cooperation projects.
The main government office that is dealing with human rights issues in foreign policy is Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Estonia. All the other ministries contribute to the human rights coordination and positions according to their area. Concerning the business and human rights the responsible ministry is Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, Department of Economic Development.
2011年6月に国連指導原則が承認されて以降、貴国政府はビジネスと人権に関する新たな取り組みを行ない、またはすでに行なっていた取り組みを強化しましたか。
Yes
貴国政府は、国連人権理事会や国連・ビジネスと人権に関する作業部会が奨励しているように、ビジネスと人権に関する国家行動計画をすでに採択しましたか。または、今後採択する予定はありますか。
Estonia does not have a national action plan of business & human rights. Promotion and protection of fundamental and human rights, included in business and labour items, are protected by the Constitution of Estonia and are an integral part of legislative drafting and law-making.
In Estonia a number of specific strategies and action plans cover the basis of business & human rights principles. For example: Estonian Entrepreneurship Growth Strategy 2014-2020; The Estonian foreign investments and export action plan for the years 2014-2017 for increasing the export capacity of Estonian companies and involving foreign investments: Made in Estonia 3.0; Digital Agenda 2020 for Estonia; Estonian Educational Strategy for 2012-2020 including HR education; Estonian Lifelong Learning Strategy 2014-2020; Estonian Anti-Corruption Strategy 2013-2020; The Strategy of Integration and Social Cohesion in Estonia to 2020 etc.
国家行動計画をすでに採択した（または採択の予定がある）場合、その計画で国際人権基準が参照され（てい）るかどうか、また影響を受けるステークホルダーとの協議に基づいて策定された（される）ものかどうか、記入してください。
救済措置へのアクセス: たな司法上・行政上の救済措置を発展させるために、またはすでに設けられている被害者救済措置へのアクセスを難しくしている障壁を取り除くために、どのような措置をとられましたか。
National Action plan for corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been created by Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications together with several partners, both from public and private sector. Action Plan can be found from here (unfortunately in Estonian): [link]
The main focus of the action plan is on awareness raising activities. As part of this, awareness of business and human rights is tackled. Various expert group meetings took place during the process, including representatives from corporate sector, different ministries, leading universities and non-profit sector. Responsible Business Forum in Estonia (website: [link] )was involved into the policy creation process as one of the leading expert partners. The strategy aims to increase the awareness among businesses, investors, consumers, public sector, media and other stakeholders (public communication, sharing good case practices, involving into study programs, training companies and other stakeholders); and to encourage responsible behaviour among companies through developing national recognition and certification system.
あなたの国の政府は、裁判による以外の救済策の改善にどのような施策を取りましたか。
National contact point has been created and is coordinated by the Minstry of Economic Affiars and Communications in Estonia.
救済措置へのアクセス: 貴国に本社を置く企業またはその子会社について、貴国政府は、国外で生じた人権面での影響に関する説明責任を強化するための措置をとられましたか。とられたのであれば、具体的に述べてください。
Question does not apply.
政府がビジネスと人権に対応する能力を阻害する要因は何でしょうか。
Most important factor is:
- Challenges of coordinating across government departments
Significant factors are:
- Lack of resources for enforcement, monitoring and prosecution
- Lack of understanding or awareness of business & human rights in government
Minor factors are:
- Opposition or lack of consensus within government
- Opposition by economic interest groups or business associations
- Other opposition by influential people or groups outside government
- Political limitations imposed by foreign governments or multilateral institutions
- Concern about deterring foreign investments
ビジネスと人権に関する諸問題の改善に役立つ支援を受けられるとしたら、貴国政府はどのような形態の支援を最も歓迎しますか。
Our government would consider the most helpful capacity-building and trainings in order to improve companies’ impacts on human rights.
ビジネスと人権を推進するために今後どのように連携していけるかのアイデア、もしくはそれ以外のコメントがあればご記入ください。
Estonia is co-sponsor of UN HRC resolution 26/22 Human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises.